Mediarun Glossary
Acronyms
Abbreviations everyone uses and few explain
94 terms in this section
A2ARefers to communication between autonomous AI agents or services performing different tasks. Requires clearly defined roles, inputs, permissions, tracking, and result verification.ABACAn authorization model that evaluates attributes of the user, resource, action, and context, such as organization, project owner, document status, or access time. It is more flexible than RBAC.ACLA list of rules specifying which specific accounts, groups, addresses, or services have access to a given resource and what actions they can perform.APIA defined way in which applications exchange data and invoke their functions. Describes endpoints, request and response formats, errors, authentication, and usage limits.APMTools and practices that measure application performance: response time, errors, transactions, dependencies, resource usage, and user experience. They help identify bottlenecks.AuthNThe process of verifying the identity of a user, application, or service, for example, via password, key, token, certificate, or a second factor. Answers the question: who is trying to gain access?AuthZThe process of verifying whether an authenticated entity has the right to perform a specific action on a specific resource. Answers the question: what can this user or system do?BIA set of tools and methods for analyzing business data, creating reports, dashboards, and metrics. Helps make decisions based on sales, traffic, costs, and campaign effectiveness.BackupA copy of data and configuration that enables system restoration after damage, user error, attack, or infrastructure failure. An effective backup requires regular recovery tests.CDA practice of automatically preparing or deploying changes after they pass tests. Delivery typically requires manual approval before going live, while Deployment can publish automatically.CDNA distributed network of cache servers delivering files closer to the user. Speeds up loading of images, CSS, JavaScript, audio, and video, and can also reduce load on the origin server.CI/CDAn automated process covering building, testing, validating, and delivering applications. Reduces manual errors during deployments and ensures consistency across environments.CLIA text-based way to manage programs and servers via a terminal. Enables installation, configuration, launching services, reading logs, running scripts, and automating administration tasks.CMSA system for creating, editing, organizing, approving, and publishing digital content. Supports pages, articles, media, users, roles, SEO, versions, and editorial workflow.CORSA browser mechanism that controls whether a webpage from one domain can call an API on another domain. It is configured using HTTP headers; overly permissive rules can weaken security.CPUThe main processor that executes operating system and application instructions. Handles backend logic, databases, networking, encryption, system tasks, and process coordination.CRMA system storing contacts, leads, communication history, sales opportunities, tasks, and marketing consents. Helps sales and marketing teams work from shared customer data.CRUDFour basic operations on data: creating new records, reading existing ones, updating data, and deleting it. These form the foundation of administrative modules in CMS systems.CSRFAn attack that tricks a logged-in user's browser into sending an unintended request to an application. Protection includes CSRF tokens, same-site cookies, and origin verification.CVA field of AI that enables the analysis of images and videos. CV systems can recognize objects, text, scenes, faces, image quality, and generate descriptions of visual content.CronA system mechanism that runs commands according to a specified schedule. Used for backups, synchronization, data cleanup, reports, and periodic tasks.DBAn organized collection of data managed by a database management system. In an application, it stores user records, content, settings, roles, task statuses, file metadata, and business logs.DNSA system that translates easy-to-remember domain names into IP addresses and other network records. It uses records such as A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, and CAA.DRA set of plans, procedures, and resources designed to restore a system after a major failure, such as server loss, data corruption, deployment error, or security incident.DockerA way of packaging an application together with everything it needs to run. A container behaves the same way on a laptop and on a server.ELTA data integration approach in which data is first loaded into the target system and then transformed. It is popular in modern data warehouses.ERPA system that integrates core business processes such as sales, invoicing, purchasing, inventory, production, finance, and reporting. It ensures consistent data across departments.ETLA data integration process that extracts data from sources, transforms it into a common format, and then loads it into a target database or data warehouse.FTPAn older protocol for transferring files between a client and a server. In its basic form, it does not encrypt passwords or data, so it should not be used for production administration without additional security measureGA4Google's analytics platform for measuring traffic and events on websites and in apps. It is based on an event model and enables analysis of user journeys and conversions.GDPRThe English acronym for the EU regulation known in Poland as RODO. It regulates the legal, transparent, and secure processing of personal data within the EU and beyond.GDPRThe Polish name for the EU GDPR: regulations governing the processing of personal data. Requires, among other things, a legal basis, data minimization, appropriate security measures, and the fulfillment of data subjects'GPUA processor specialized in parallel computing. Beyond graphics, it accelerates AI models, audio, video, and image processing, as well as large matrix computations; available VRAM is critical.HADesigning a system to remain accessible even if individual components fail. Uses redundancy, monitoring, failover, replication, and recovery procedures.HTMLStandard markup language that describes the structure of a web page: headings, paragraphs, links, forms, images, and content semantics. HTML is not a programming language; it typically works alongside CSS and JavaScript.HTTPThe fundamental communication protocol for web applications in the request–response model. A browser or API client sends a method, URL, headers, and data, and the server returns a status code and response.HTTPSA version of HTTP secured by the TLS protocol. It encrypts the connection, reduces the risk of eavesdropping and data tampering, and verifies the server's identity via a certificate.IAMA set of policies, processes, and tools for managing user and service accounts, roles, keys, tokens, groups, and the entire access lifecycle.IMAPA protocol that allows a client to access an email mailbox stored on a server. Supports folders, message statuses, search, and synchronization, enabling emails to be accessed across multiple devices.IaCAn approach in which server, network, container, rule, and service configurations are stored in version-controlled files instead of being set manually in dashboards.JSONA lightweight text-based data exchange format widely used by APIs. Stores objects, lists, text, numbers, boolean values, and null in a format readable by both humans and programs.JWTA signed token containing encoded information about identity and permissions, commonly used in APIs or stateless sessions. It must be properly signed, have a limited validity period, and be protected against leaks.LBA component that distributes network traffic across multiple application instances or servers. Improves performance, fault tolerance, and enables horizontal scaling.LLMOpsOperational practices for LLMs: managing prompts, models, context, token costs, security, quality evaluation, monitoring, and version control. It is a specialized subset of MLOps.LogsChronological records of events generated by systems, applications, and services. They facilitate debugging, auditing, security analysis, and error diagnosis, provided they contain sufficient context.MCPA protocol enabling AI agents to discover and securely invoke tools, resources, and functions provided by an MCP server. It simplifies integration of models with CMS, knowledge bases, and local services.MFALogin requiring two independent factors: something you know (password) and something you have (code from an app, hardware key).MTTRThe average time required to restore service after an outage. A lower MTTR typically indicates better procedures, monitoring, documentation, backup, and recovery automation.NLGA component of AI responsible for generating natural language text based on data, instructions, or context. Includes descriptions, summaries, responses, scripts, and reports.NLUA component of NLP focused on recognizing the meaning, intent, entities, context, and relationships within statements. Helps systems correctly interpret user commands.NginxServer software supporting HTTP/HTTPS, serving static files, and forwarding traffic to backend applications. Often handles TLS termination, compression, rate limiting, and basic traffic control.OAuth 2.0A standard for delegating limited access to data or services without sharing the user's password. It uses tokens and permissions, for example, during login or integration with Google.OCIA set of open standards defining the format of container images and how they are run. Thanks to these standards, images can typically run in various compatible container runtimes.ORMA programming layer that maps application objects to records in a relational database. Simplifies CRUD operations, relationships, validation, and migrations, but does not replace the need to know SQL.ObservabilityThe ability to understand a system's state based on telemetry, especially logs, metrics, and traces. Facilitates diagnosing unknown issues in complex distributed applications.PIIData that, alone or in combination with other data, can identify a specific individual, such as email, phone number, name, address, identifier, or voice recording.POP3A protocol for downloading email messages from a server to a client. It is simpler than IMAP and typically involves local downloading of mail, making it less suitable for synchronizing multiple devices and folders.QueueA mechanism for storing tasks to be executed outside the main user request. Enables retries, prioritization, concurrency control, and resilience for long-running or resource-intensive operations.RAMFast working memory used by the system and applications during operation. Insufficient RAM causes slowdowns, use of swap space, process errors, or problems loading AI models.RBACAn authorization model in which permissions are assigned to roles, and users gain rights through their assigned role. Simplifies access management in systems with multiple users and modules.RPAAutomation of repetitive tasks typically performed in application interfaces: clicking, copying data, logging in, or downloading reports. Useful when older systems lack an API.RPOThe maximum acceptable data loss expressed in time. RPO defines how recent a backup or replication must be for a company to accept recovery after a failure.RTOThe maximum acceptable time required to restore a service after a failure. Helps determine backup, redundancy, monitoring, and disaster recovery procedures.Rate limitingA mechanism that restricts the number of requests a user, IP address, or API key can make within a specified time period. Protects against abuse, brute force attacks, and uncontrolled costs.SDKA package of libraries, documentation, and examples that simplifies integration with a service or platform. SDKs reduce the need to manually build API communication from scratch.SEOA set of technical and editorial actions that improve search engines' understanding, indexing, and visibility of web pages. Includes content, structure, metadata, linking, performance, and structured data.SFTPA secure file transfer protocol that operates over an SSH connection. It encrypts both data and authentication, allows file management, and typically uses the same access credentials as SSH administration.SLIA specific metric used to measure the achievement of an SLO, such as endpoint availability, error rate, response latency, or task completion time.SLOAn internal, measurable target for system performance quality, such as percentage availability, maximum response time, or acceptable error rate over a given period.SMTPAn internet protocol used for sending and relaying email messages between clients and servers. It is not designed for convenient mailbox access; for that, IMAP or POP3 are typically used.SPAA web application that, after initial loading, dynamically updates views in the browser without fully reloading the HTML document. Often built with React, Vue, or Angular.SQLA language used to define, read, and modify data in relational databases. It is used for tables, queries, indexes, reports, data migrations, and data control.SREAn approach combining software engineering and operations to make services measurably reliable. It uses automation, monitoring, change risk limits, and SLO targets.SSDA data storage device based on flash memory, typically much faster than a traditional HDD. Used for storing operating systems, databases, AI models, cache, media files, and working copies.SSEAn HTTP mechanism where the server maintains a connection and unidirectionally sends updates to the client. Useful for tracking long-running task progress, notifications, and streaming responses.SSGThe process of generating ready-to-serve HTML files during site build or publication, rather than on every user request. Improves speed, security, and scalability for content that changes infrequently.SSHAn encrypted protocol for remote server access. Enables running commands, transferring files via SFTP, using cryptographic keys, and tunneling services without exposing ports publicly.SSOA mechanism that allows a user to log in once and gain access to multiple related applications without having to log in separately to each one. Simplifies user experience and centralizes access control.SSRA technique where HTML is generated by the server before sending the page to the browser. It can improve initial page load, accessibility, and content visibility for search engine crawlers.SecretsConfidential data required for an application to function, such as passwords, API keys, tokens, private keys, and database credentials. Should never be committed to repositories or logged.TLSA cryptographic protocol that secures network communication. It provides encryption, data integrity, and server authentication; it is the technology used by HTTPS and secure variants of email services.UTMA set of parameters added to a URL that identify the source, medium, campaign name, and other characteristics of marketing traffic in analytics systems.UUIDA standard identifier with a very low risk of collision, typically written as a string with hyphens. Useful in distributed systems and public resource addresses.UptimeThe time or percentage of time during which a system is running and accessible to users. Uptime alone does not measure full service quality, so it should be combined with error rates and response time.VADTechnology that detects segments of an audio recording where actual speech occurs. Helps remove silence, split audio into segments, and reduce transcription cost and time.VDBA specialized database storing embeddings, which are numerical representations of content meaning. Enables fast search for semantically similar documents, images, or text fragments for RAG and recommendation systems.VMA software-emulated computer running on a physical host. It has its own operating system, virtual processor, memory, and disk, providing stronger isolation than application processes.VPSA virtual server machine with allocated resources, its own operating system, and administrative privileges. It is commonly used for hosting applications, databases, and web services.WAFA filtering layer that blocks traffic before it reaches the application — rejecting requests matching attack patterns (injections, scanning, flooding).WebSocketA protocol that maintains a persistent, bidirectional connection between client and server. Both sides can send data at any time, making it suitable for chat and real-time updates.WebhookA mechanism in which a system automatically sends an HTTP request to a specified endpoint upon the occurrence of an event. Typically includes event data and a signature for authenticity verification.WorkerA separate process or container that pulls tasks from a queue and executes them in the background. Workers offload long-running AI tasks, imports, or exports from the frontend and backend.XSSInjection of a script that executes in another user's browser. Allows stealing their session, modifying page content, or redirecting them elsewhere.YAMLA human-readable configuration format based on indentation. Commonly used in Docker Compose, CI/CD pipelines, and infrastructure configurations, it requires careful attention to indentation structure.