Mediarun Glossary
Technical
How it works under the hood
51 terms in this section
AACA lossy audio codec commonly used in M4A and MP4 containers. It delivers good quality at small file sizes and is widely supported by mobile devices, browsers, and video content.ApacheThe oldest and most widely used web server. It receives requests and serves web pages; it is configured using `.htaccess` files in directories.BINDThe most popular DNS server software — it answers questions like 'what IP address is this domain using?'BUILDThe process of transforming source code into a runnable or publishable artifact. May include TypeScript compilation, frontend bundling, dependency installation, Docker image creation, file minification, and configurationBackdoorA hidden entry point into a system left behind after a breach. Allows attackers to return even after passwords are changed and visible traces removed — because it bypasses normal login procedures.CODECAn algorithm or software that encodes and decodes multimedia data, especially audio and video. A codec defines how data is compressed, while a container, such as MP4 or OGG, defines how it is stored in a file.CSVThe simplest file format for tabular data: each row is one line, columns are separated by a comma or semicolon. Opened by any spreadsheet and any system.CacheA stored result of a computation, served instead of recalculating it. It can exist at multiple levels simultaneously: in the browser, at the CDN provider, on the server, in the application, and in the database.DDoSOverwhelming a service with traffic from multiple machines at once, causing it to stop responding to regular users. It doesn’t steal data — it cuts off access.DEPLOYThe process of publishing a new or modified version of an application, configuration, or infrastructure to a target environment, such as staging or production. It includes building the artifact, running migrations, confiDKIMA cryptographic signature appended to every sent email. The recipient verifies it using a public key published in a TXT record.DMARCA policy that tells email providers what to do with messages that fail SPF or DKIM — allow them, mark them as suspicious, or reject them. It also requests reports on spoofing attempts.DNS — A recordPoints to the IPv4 address of the server where a domain or subdomain is hosted. The simplest and most frequently modified record in an entire DNS zone.DNS — AAAA recordSame as an A record, but for IPv6 addresses — the newer version of internet addressing.DNS — CAA recordA list of certificate authorities authorized to issue SSL certificates for this domain.DNS — CNAME recordRedirects one name to another — a subdomain points to another name instead of an IP address.DNS — MX recordPoints to the mail servers that receive email for a domain, along with priorities — a lower number indicates higher priority.DNS — NS recordPoints to the name servers responsible for the entire domain zone — in other words, where all the other records are actually hosted.DNS — PTR recordThe reverse of an A record: maps an IP address to a server name. It is set by the IP address owner, typically the server provider, not the domain owner.DNS — SRV recordPoints to the host and port of a specific service within a domain — used when the domain name alone is insufficient, as the port number also matters.DNS — TXT recordAny text attached to a domain. In practice, it serves as a carrier for SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and domain ownership verification codes.DumpA file containing the full contents of a database: table structures and data, in the form of SQL commands. Used as the basis for backups and data migration between servers.E2ETesting the entire user flow from the interface through backend, database, and integrations to the expected outcome. Detects issues that individual unit or module tests would miss.FIXA change to code, configuration, or data intended to remove a bug, failure, vulnerability, or incorrect function behavior. A good fix should include a problem description, regression test, and rollback capability.FLACAn open audio codec that compresses sound without losing any information. Files are typically smaller than uncompressed WAV but larger than MP3 or AAC; well suited for archiving high-quality audio.GITHUBThe largest service for hosting code repositories. Beyond storage, it offers issue tracking, pull request reviews, and automated test execution.JARVISJARVIS is not a universal technical standard, but a popular name for a personal AI assistant, inspired by pop culture. In HEXX AI CMS, it may refer to a named agent module that interprets commands, uses tools, and coordiMIMEA standard that defines the type of data being transmitted, such as text/html, application/json, audio/mpeg, or audio/wav. MIME headers help clients and servers correctly interpret files and the content of HTTP and emailMP3A popular lossy audio format and codec that compresses sound into small files. Widely supported by browsers, players, and publishing platforms, though repeated encoding can degrade quality.MalwareA general term for code uploaded without the owner’s knowledge, designed to benefit someone else: stealing data, publishing spam, adding a server to an attacking network, or encrypting files for ransom.OpusAn open, modern audio codec developed for efficient encoding of speech and music at various bitrates. It is an IETF standard and the primary audio codec in WebRTC, making it well-suited for streaming and real-time communPCMBasic method of digitally recording uncompressed audio as numerical samples. PCM is commonly found within WAV files and is convenient for editing, but takes up a lot of space.PHPA server-side programming language in which WordPress and most traditional websites are written. The code executes on every request and generates ready HTML.PM2A process manager running as a daemon, primarily used for Node.js applications. It launches processes in the background, monitors them, restarts them after errors, provides logs, and can support application scaling.PRIVATE_KEYThe secret part of an asymmetric cryptography key pair. Used for signing, decryption, or authentication, depending on the algorithm. Must never be published, sent to a repository, or stored in plain text.PUBLIC_KEYThe public part of an asymmetric cryptography key pair. It can be safely distributed and is used for example to verify digital signatures, encrypt data for the owner of the private key, or authenticate SSH connections.PerlA language created for text processing, with the strongest support for regular expressions. Rarely chosen for new projects today, but still present in system scripts and older integrations.PhishingA message or website impersonating a trusted institution to steal passwords, card details, or trick users into installing malicious software.QRShort form for QR Code, a two-dimensional code designed for quick scanning by a camera. In documentation, it is advisable to use the full term QR Code to avoid ambiguity.QR CODEA two-dimensional barcode containing text, a URL, contact data, or other information readable by a camera. It may include error correction, but links embedded in the code should be treated with the same caution as any exREPOSITORYA storage for project code with a full change history: who, when, and what was modified. Allows reverting to any previous state and managing multiple versions in parallel.SPFA TXT record listing the servers authorized to send email on behalf of a domain.SQL InjectionEntering text into a form field or URL that the database executes as part of a query. This allows attackers to read other users' data, bypass authentication, or delete tables.SSLA historical encryption protocol that has been deprecated due to security vulnerabilities. The term is commonly used today — modern 'SSL certificates' are actually TLS certificates.TOKENThe term has two common meanings. In security, a token is an access credential for a service or API. In LLMs, a token is a text fragment the model processes, affecting context length limits and usage cost.TOTPAn MFA mechanism that generates short, time-limited one-time codes changing at fixed intervals, typically in an authenticator app. Both the server and the app use a shared secret for verification.UnixA family of operating systems from which Linux and macOS are derived. Common features: everything is a file, owner/group/other permissions, small tools combined via pipelines.WAVAn audio file format, typically associated with the .wav extension, that stores audio streams and metadata. It often contains uncompressed PCM, providing high quality at the cost of large file size.WIKIAn organized knowledge base built on pages that can be created, edited, and linked together. In a corporate system, it documents processes, architecture, configurations, decisions, instructions, and operational standardsWeb ShellA script uploaded to a server that allows executing system commands via a regular HTTP request — without SSH or server password.XML-RPCAn older WordPress interface that allows publishing and managing content from external programs — without logging into the admin panel.